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One installed kilowatt, every lens market, and a range rather than a number. Each market's lower, reference and upper case is built from a frozen Earth baseline and the market's retail price history, and every input behind it is pinned by hash so the figure can be taken apart. The market's live grid record is kept for its review triggers; it never moves a published range.
The lens covers the intersection of two things the site already holds: a forty-location climate baseline, and a daily operating record for the grid the kilowatt would connect to. Baseline cities with the first and not the second wait for an ingest rather than borrowing a neighbour's grid. The grid record is what each market's review triggers watch; it never enters a published range. Markets are listed alphabetically. The lens does not rank them, and the order carries no judgement about where a kilowatt is best spent.
| Market | YieldkWh per kWp a year, reference | Energy valueUSD per kWp a year, lower to upper | Levelised costUSD per kWh, reference | Paybackyears, reference | Price basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berlin, Germany and Luxembourg bidding zoneEU-DE | 1,049 | 457325 to 489 | 0.1029 | 2.6 | Like for likeCity 2025 |
| London, Great BritainGB | 1,092 | 421212 to 509 | 0.1458 | 4.2 | Context onlyCity 2024 |
| Los Angeles, California ISOUS-CISO | 1,743 | 528296 to 586 | 0.1381 | 5.0 | Like for likeCity 2025 |
| Madrid, Spain bidding zoneEU-ES | 1,632 | 484384 to 551 | 0.0869 | 3.3 | Like for likeCity 2025 |
| New York, New York ISOUS-NYIS | 1,361 | 345229 to 360 | 0.1768 | 7.8 | Like for likeCity 2025 |
| Paris, France bidding zoneEU-FR | 1,153 | 350205 to 375 | 0.1193 | 4.4 | Like for likeCity 2025 |
| Perth, South West Interconnected SystemAU-WEM | 1,701 | 358331 to 397 | 0.0404 | 2.1 | Like for likeCity 2025 |
| Seville, Spain bidding zoneEU-ES | 1,629 | 483385 to 557 | 0.0871 | 3.2 | Context onlyCountry average 2025 |
| Sydney, New South Wales (NEM)AU-NEM | 1,407 | 334135 to 354 | 0.0489 | 2.3 | Like for likeCity 2025 |
Every figure is in United States dollars per installed kilowatt, so the units line up. The price basis behind them does not always: a market priced from a country average, or from an older year, is context beside the cohort rather than a like-for-like reading of it. Only the energy value is shown as a range here. Every metric carries a lower, reference and upper case, and the sentence naming the case behind each bound travels with it in the JSON and the CSV.
A crossed trigger opens a review. It never rewrites the published layer automatically.
The climate row, the yield factors, the retail price, the capital cost, the subsidy and the assumption set each enter as a reference, a vintage and a hash. The grid's operating record is listed too, as an empty input with its own hash, because no published range uses it. An input that does not exist for a market, or that no published edition uses, is recorded with its reason, never defaulted to zero or borrowed from a neighbour.
When it runs, the daily job recomputes each market from the committed inputs and compares the result with the published edition's hashes. On most days nothing has changed. A commit that changes an input or the method supersedes the edition. The job reads the grid's recent record only to test the review triggers. It keeps each trigger's reference and a dated record of every test, which the market pages show, and the record never moves a published range.
Each edition declares the tests that would make it worth reopening, as a comparator, a threshold and a window a machine can evaluate rather than a sentence it cannot. A crossed trigger opens a review. A person closes it.
When a period becomes observable, the like-for-like observation is appended beside the original range and marked inside, above or below it. The published range is not edited to fit what happened.